1.1 General definitions
In rules made under the Act, unless the context otherwise requires-
Accelerate-stop distance available means the length of the take-off run available plus the length of any stopway: Accident means an occurrence that is associated with the operation of an aircraft and takes place between the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight and such time as all such persons have disembarked and the engine or any propellers or rotors come to rest, being an occurrence in which-
(1) a person is fatally or seriously injured as a result of-
except when the injuries are self-inflicted or inflicted by other persons, or when the injuries are to stowaways hiding outside the areas normally available to passengers and crew; or
(2) the aircraft sustains damage or structural failure that-
except engine failure or damage that is limited to the engine, its cowlings, or accessories, or damage limited to propellers, wing tips, antennas, tyres, brakes, fairings, small dents, or puncture holes in the aircraft skin; or
(3) the aircraft is missing or is completely inaccessible:
Accredited medical conclusion means the conclusion reached, regarding the medical fitness of an applicant for a medical certificate, by one or more medical experts acceptable to the Director for the purposes of the case concerned: Act means the Civil Aviation Act 1990: Adequate aerodrome means an aerodrome where the applicable requirements for the aerodrome and runway prescribed in rule 121.71 are met for the particular aeroplane being operated except that, if the aerodrome is designated as an en-route alternate aerodrome the rescue and fire fighting equipment must be at least category 4 and must be available, with at least 30 minutes prior notification, at the expected time of arrival of the aeroplane: ADS-B OUT means a function on an aircraft that periodically broadcasts its state vector (identity position and velocity) and other information derived from on-board systems in a format suitable for ADS-B receivers: ADS-B system means a GNSS position source and a compatible Mode S Extended Squitter 1090Mhz ADS-B OUT transponder: Adventure aviation operation means the following operations for the carriage of passengers by air for hire or reward where the object of the operation is for the passenger's recreational experience of participating in the flight, or engaging in the aerial operation-
(1) an A to A flight in an aeroplane or helicopter issued with a standard category airworthiness certificate conducting formation flight, aerobatic manoeuvres, and similar non-standard flight manoeuvres such as steep climbs, steep descents, and steep turns: (2) an A to A flight (including an interim water landing for amphibious aircraft) in an aircraft issued with an appropriate special category-primary, special category-LSA, or special category-limited airworthiness certificate including formation flight, aerobatic manoeuvres, and similar non-standard flight manoeuvres such as steep climbs, steep descents, and steep turns: (3) an A to A flight in a Class 2 microlight aircraft: (4) a flight in a hot air balloon: (5) a flight in a glider: (6) a parachute-drop aircraft operation that is not conducted under the authority of an air operator certificate issued by the Director under the Act and Part 119: (7) a tandem parachute descent operation: (8) a tandem hang glider or paraglider flight:
Aerobatic flight means-
Aerodrome-
Aerodrome control service means an air traffic control service provided for the control of aerodrome traffic: Aerodrome control tower means a unit established to provide ATC service to aerodrome traffic: Aerodrome flight information service means a service provided for the purpose of giving advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights in the vicinity of an aerodrome: Aerodrome Frequency Response Unit means a ground based VHF radio, which on receipt of a modulated VHF transmission from an aircraft on the appropriate frequency, automatically transmits either a voice or a tone response to confirm the pilot's radio frequency selection: Aerodrome operational area means-
Aerial spraying means dispensing from an aircraft-
Aerial topdressing means dispensing from an aircraft-
Aerial vertebrate toxic agent means dispensing from an aircraft toxic and non-toxic bait intended for the extermination of targeted vertebrate pests: Aerodrome traffic means-
Aerodrome traffic circuit means the pattern flown by aircraft operating in the vicinity of an aerodrome: Aeronautical Data means data used for an aeronautical application including navigation, flight planning, flight simulators, and terrain awareness, which comprises navigation data and terrain and obstacle data: Aeronautical facility means-
Aeronautical information means information resulting from the assembly, analysis and formatting of aeronautical data: Aeronautical Information Circular means a notice containing information that-
Aeronautical information publication means a publication issued by, or with the authority of, a State and containing aeronautical information of a lasting character essential to air navigation: Aeronautical Information Publication New Zealand means the AIP for New Zealand published for the Authority by the holder of the AIS certificate for the AIP service: Aeronautical information service means any of the following services that distribute aeronautical information essential for the safety, regularity and efficiency of air navigation-
Aeronautical mobile service means a mobile service for communication between aeronautical stations and aircraft stations, or between aircraft stations, in which survival craft stations may participate, and emergency position-indicating radiobeacon stations may also participate on designated distress and emergency frequencies: Aeronautical product means anything that comprises or is intended to comprise any part of an aircraft, or that is or is intended to be installed in or fitted or supplied to an aircraft; and includes fuel and other similar consumable items necessary for the operation of the aircraft: Aeronautical station means a land station in the aeronautical mobile service: Aeronautical telecommunication service means-
Aeronautical telecommunication service certificate means a certificate issued by the Director in accordance with Part 171 that authorises the holder to provide aeronautical telecommunication services and operate facilities that support IFR flight or an air traffic service: Aeroplane means a power-driven heavier-than-air aircraft deriving its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces which remain fixed under given conditions of flight: Aeroplane movement means an aeroplane take-off or landing: Agricultural aircraft operation means the operation of an aircraft on a single flight, or on a series of flights, including transit flights from a loading area to and from a treatment area, for the following purposes:
Agricultural chemical means any substance or mixture of substances intended for-
AIRAC means aeronautical information regulation and control, signifying a system aimed at advance notification based on common effective dates, of circumstances that require significant changes in operating practices: [The AIRAC system is based upon the international series of common effective dates at intervals of 28 days including 10 January 1991] AIP Amendment means permanent changes to the information contained in the AIPNZ: AIP service means a service for the publication of the AIPNZ, AIP Amendments, AIP Supplements and aeronautical information circulars: AIP Supplement means temporary changes to the information contained in the AIPNZ that are published by means of special pages: Aircraft means any machine that can derive support in the atmosphere from the reactions of the air otherwise than by the reactions of the air against the surface of the earth: Aircraft category and category of aircraft means any one of the following classes of aircraft: aeroplane, balloon, glider, hang glider, helicopter, or microlight: Aircraft Emergency Location System means a system that-
Aircraft engine means an engine that is used or intended to be used for propelling aircraft, and includes turbo-superchargers, appurtenances and accessories necessary for its functioning, but does not include propellers: Aircraft radio station means-
Air operation means an air transport operation, a commercial transport operation, or an adventure aviation operation: Air operator means the holder of-
Air operator security programme means a programme to safeguard an air operator's passengers, crew, ground personnel, aircraft, and facilities from acts of unlawful interference: Airship means a power-driven lighter-than-air aircraft: Air traffic means all aircraft in flight or operating on any manoeuvring area of an aerodrome: Air traffic advisory service means a service provided within class F airspace to ensure separation, as far as practical, between aircraft that are operating on IFR flight plans: Air traffic control service means a service provided for the purposes of-
Air traffic control unit means a unit for providing any air traffic control service, and includes either an area control centre, an approach control office, or an aerodrome control tower: Air traffic service includes-
Air traffic services unit means a unit providing an air traffic service, which may include an air traffic control unit and a flight information centre: Air transport operation means an operation for the carriage of passengers or goods by air for hire or reward except-
Airworthiness certificate means-
Airworthiness data means any information necessary to ensure an aeronautical product or a product or component can be maintained in an airworthy condition: Airworthiness directive means a mandatory airworthiness requirement that specifies modifications, inspections, conditions, or limitations to be applied to an aircraft or aeronautical product to ensure continued safe operating conditions: Airworthy condition means the condition of an aircraft, including its components, fuel, and other materials and substances essential to the manufacture and operation of the aircraft, that complies with all the requirements prescribed by the Civil Aviation Rules relating to design, manufacture, maintenance, modification, repair, and safety: Alerting service means an air traffic service provided to notify appropriate organisations regarding aircraft in need of search and rescue aid, and to assist such organisations as required: Alternate aerodrome means an aerodrome to which an aircraft may proceed when it becomes either impossible or inadvisable to proceed to or land at the aerodrome of intended landing: Altimeter setting (QNH) means the aerodrome level pressure reduced to mean sea level in accordance with the ICAO Standard Atmosphere, which is specified by a mean sea level pressure of 1013.25 hectopascals, and temperature of 15.0 degrees Celsius with a lapse rate of 6.5 degrees Celsius per 1000 M and is the altimeter sub scale setting to obtain the elevation when on the ground: Altitude means the vertical distance of a level, a point, or an object considered as a point, measured from mean sea level: Amateur built aircraft means an aircraft that is eligible for the issue of a special category amateur-built airworthiness certificate under Subpart H of Part 21; and-
Amateur constructor means a person who constructs an aircraft solely for their own education or recreation: Appliance means any instrument, mechanism, equipment, part, or accessory that is used, or is intended to be used, in operating or controlling an aircraft in flight, or is installed in or attached to the aircraft, that is not part of the airframe, engine, or propeller: Approach control office means a unit established to provide ATC service to controlled flights arriving at, or departing from, one or more aerodromes: Approach control service means an air traffic control service for arriving or departing controlled flights: Appropriate, in relation to a pilot licence or rating, means applicable to the same category of aircraft: Approved, unless used with reference to another person, means approved in writing by the Director: Apron means a defined area on a land aerodrome intended to accommodate aircraft for the purpose of loading or unloading passengers or cargo, refuelling, parking, or maintenance: Apron management service means a service provided to regulate the activities and the movement of aircraft and vehicles on an apron: Area control centre means a unit established to provide ATC service to controlled flights in control areas under its jurisdiction: Area control service means an air traffic control service provided for
controlled flights in controlled airspace: Area Navigation means a method of navigation which permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path within the coverage of ground or space-based navigation systems or within the limits of the capability of self-contained navigation systems, or a combination of these: ATC clearance means authorisation for an aircraft to proceed under conditions specified by an air traffic control unit: ATC instruction means a directive issued by ATC for the purpose of requiring a pilot to take a specific action: ATS surveillance system means variously ADS-B, PSR, SSR or any comparable ground-based system that enables the identification of aircraft: [Note - A comparable ground-based system is one that has been demonstrated, by comparative assessment or other methodology, to have a level of safety and performance equal to or better than monopulse SSR.] ATS unit means a unit established to provide one or more air traffic service: Auckland Oceanic Flight Information Region means-
(1) all that airspace, excluding airspace within the New Zealand Flight Information Region, bounded by a line joining S300000.0,W1310000.0, S900000.0, E000000.0 (South Pole), S 30 00 00.0, E 163 00 00.0, S 28 00 00.0, E 168 00 00.0, S 25 00 00.0, E 171 25 00.0, S 25 00 00.0, 180 00 00.0, S 15 32 45.1, W 175 40 31.2 (Niuafoou), S050000.0,W1710000.0, S050000.0,W1570000.0, S300000.0,W1570000.0, S300000.0,W1310000.0;with (2) an upper limit of flight level 999; and (3) the surface of the earth as the lower limit:
Augmented crew means the crew on an aeroplane when it is comprised of more than the minimum crew required by the aeroplane certification: Australian AOC with ANZA privileges has the same meaning as in section 3(1) of the Civil Aviation Act 1988 (Aust): Authority means the Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand established by section 72A of the Act: Automatic engine data recording system means a system that acquires data from specialised sensors that measure various parameters related to the airworthy condition of an aircraft engine: Aviation event means an event to be conducted below the minimum safe heights prescribed under Part 91 that is-
Aviation Security Service means the Aviation Security Service established under section 72B(2)(ca) of the Civil Aviation Act 1990: AWIB Service means an automatic broadcast of aerodrome and weather information provided specifically for the facilitation of aviation, and for the avoidance of doubt, an AWIB service is not an air traffic service: Baggage means personal property of passengers or crew carried on an aircraft by agreement with the operator, or personal property of passengers or crew that is intended by passengers or crew to be carried on an aircraft: Balloon means a non-power-driven lighter-than-air aircraft: Basic weather report means a verbal comment, in support of aviation, describing any of the following current weather conditions observed at a particular place or airspace:
Broadcast means a transmission intended to be received by all stations: Cargo means any property carried on an aircraft other than mail, stores and baggage: Carry on baggage means baggage and any other item that-
Category II precision approach procedure means a precision instrument approach and landing with a decision height lower than 200 feet, but not lower than 100 feet, and a runway visual range not less than 300 m: Category III precision approach procedure means one of the following precision instrument approaches and landings:
Ceiling means the height above ground or water of the base of the lowest layer of cloud below 20 000 feet covering more than half the sky: Certificated for single pilot operation, in relation to an aircraft, means determined by the State of Registry, during the certification process, to be a type of aircraft that can be operated safely with a minimum crew of one pilot: Certificated organisation means an organisation issued with a certificate under rules made under the Act: Civil Aviation Rules means rules made under the Act: Class 1 microlight aircraft means a microlight aircraft other than a Class 2 microlight aircraft: Class 2 microlight aircraft means a microlight aircraft designed and equipped to carry 2 persons: Class 3.1A Flammable liquid means a liquid that has a flash point of below 23°C and has an initial boiling point (IBP) of a maximum 35°C, and includes petrol based products: Class 3.1C Flammable liquid means a liquid that has a flash point at or above 23°C, but at or below 60°C, and includes kerosene based products: Class 3.1D Flammable liquid means a liquid that has a flash point of above 60°C, but at or below 93°C, and includes diesel products: Class B cargo or baggage compartment means a cargo or baggage compartment in which-
Clearance limit means the point to which an aircraft is granted an ATC clearance: Clearway means a defined rectangular area on the ground or water, at the departure end of the runway-
Command practice means the performance by a co-pilot of the duties and functions of a pilot-in-command during a flight under the supervision of a pilot-in-command designated for the purpose by the operator. Commercial agricultural aircraft operation means an agricultural aircraft operation for hire or reward: Commercial transport operation means an operation for the carriage of passengers or goods by air for hire or reward-
Component means any instrument, mechanism, equipment, part, or accessory, including an airframe, aircraft engine, or propeller, that is used, or is intended to be used, in operating or controlling an aircraft in flight, or is installed in or attached to the aircraft, that has a part number or a serial number allocated by the manufacturer, unless the manufacturer has designated such an item as a standard part: Condition monitored maintenance means a maintenance process that monitors maintenance trends, and relies upon analysis of the operating experience of the whole population of specified items to indicate nascent failures requiring corrective action: Configuration in relation to an aircraft, means a particular combination of the positions of the movable elements, such as wing flaps or landing gear, which affect the aerodynamic characteristics of the aeroplane: Configuration, maintenance and procedures standards document means a document approved by the certification authority for the aeroplane specifying the minimum requirements for the aeroplane configuration, including any special inspections, hardware life limits, flight crew procedures, master minimum equipment list constraints, and maintenance practices necessary to establish the suitability of the aeroplane's airframe/engine combination for EDTO: Congested area in relation to a city, town, or settlement means any area which is substantially in use for residential, industrial, commercial, or recreational purposes: Consensus standard means, for the purpose of certificating a light sport aircraft, an industry-developed standard that applies to the aircraft design, production, and airworthiness. The standard includes, but is not limited to, standards for aircraft design and performance, required equipment, manufacturer quality assurance systems, production acceptance test procedures, operating instructions, maintenance and inspection procedures, identification and recording of major repairs and major alterations, and continued airworthiness: Contaminated, in relation to a runway, means more than 25% of the runway surface area within the required length and width is covered by surface water, slush, or loose snow more than 3 millimetres in depth, or ice on any part of the runway surface area: Contingency fuel means a fuel provision for any of the following:
Control area means a controlled airspace extending upwards from a specified limit above the earth: Controlled aerodrome means an aerodrome at which air traffic control service is provided to aerodrome traffic:
Note - the term "controlled aerodrome" indicates that air traffic control service is provided to aerodrome traffic but does not necessarily imply that a control zone exists. Controlled airspace means an airspace of defined dimensions within which air traffic control service is provided to IFR flights, and to VFR flights, in accordance with the airspace classification: Controlled flight means any flight that is subject to an ATC clearance: Control system means a system that has the ability to directly change the flight path, attitude, or propulsive force of an aircraft, and includes the flight controls, the engine and propeller controls, the related system controls, and the associated operating mechanisms: Control zone means a controlled airspace extending upwards from the surface of the earth to a specified limit: Convention-
Conversion instruction means instruction for the purposes of familiarisation in the operation of aircraft for which a type rating is required; but does not include instruction or supervision of student pilots nor instruction for the purposes of familiarisation in respect of conversion from fixed-wing to rotary-wing aircraft or from rotary-wing to fixed-wing aircraft: Co-pilot means a licensed pilot, serving in any piloting capacity other than as pilot-in-command; but does not include a pilot receiving flight instruction from a pilot on board the aircraft: Cost sharing flight means any flight that is performed solely for the carriage of persons where-
Crew member means a person carried by an aircraft who is-
Critical performance parameter means a performance parameter that has a direct effect on the operational integrity of an aeronautical facility: Cross-country flight means a flight which extends more than 25 nautical miles in a straight line distance from the centre of the aerodrome of departure: Cruising level means a level maintained during a significant portion of a flight: Current, in respect of a licence, rating, or medical certificate, means the document is valid and the holder of the document has satisfied all recent experience and medical requirements for the exercise of the privileges: Dangerous goods means articles or substances that are capable of posing risk to health, safety, property, or the environment and-
Date of manufacture, in relation to a product, means the date that the product inspection records indicate that the product meets its type design: Day means the hours between-
Decision altitude means a specified altitude, referenced to mean sea level, in the precision approach at which a missed approach must be initiated if the required visual reference to continue the approach has not been established: Decision height means a specified height, referenced to the runway threshold, in the precision approach at which a missed approach must be initiated if the required visual reference to continue the approach has not been established: Declaration of security means a declaration made in accordance with the requirements of Part 109 regarding a consignment of cargo or mail: Declared distance in relation to a runway means any of the following-
Defect means a change in the state or quality of an aeronautical product, a product, or a component that makes it unfit for its intended purpose and not in an airworthy condition: Design change means a change to a type design or a change to any other part of a type certificate or type acceptance certificate that if incorporated would require the modification or repair of a product, its components, or an appliance: Detailed inspection, in respect of a progressive inspection, means a thorough examination of an aircraft and its components, systems and equipment with such disassembly as is necessary and includes the overhaul of a component or system: Director means the person who is for the time being the Director of Civil Aviation under section 72I of the Act: Disabled passenger means any passenger whose physical, medical, or mental condition requires individual attention not normally extended to passengers during an air transport operation: Document means a document in any form, and includes-
(1) any writing on any material: (2) any information recorded or stored by means of any tape recorder, computer, or other device; and any material subsequently derived from information so recorded or stored: (3) any book, map, chart, plan, graph, or drawing: (4) any photograph, film, negative, tape, or other device in which one or more visual images are embodied so as to be capable (with or without the aid of some other equipment) of being reproduced:
Domestic aerodrome means any aerodrome other than an international aerodrome: Dry, in relation to a runway, means a runway that is neither wet nor contaminated, and includes a paved runway that has been specially prepared with grooves or a porous pavement to retain effectively dry- braking action even when moisture is present: Dual flight instruction means flight instruction provided to a person by an appropriately licensed and rated flight instructor occupying a pilot seat: Dual flight time means flight time during which a person is receiving flight instruction from an appropriately licensed and rated pilot on board a dual control aircraft: EDTO alternate aerodrome means an adequate aerodrome that-
EDTO critical fuel means the fuel quantity necessary to fly to an en-route alternate aerodrome considering, at the most critical point on the route, the most time-limiting system failure: EDTO entry point means the first point on a route flown by an aeroplane on an EDTO where the flight time from that point to an adequate aerodrome, calculated at a one engine inoperative cruise speed in still air and ISA conditions, exceeds the threshold time for the aeroplane: EDTO significant system means the aeroplane propulsion system and any other aeroplane system whose failure could adversely affect the safety of an EDTO, or whose functioning is important to the continuing safety of an EDTO and to a safe landing during a diversion: EDTO verification flight means a flight conducted to establish that the aeroplane is serviceable for an EDTO: Elevation means the vertical distance of a point or a level, on or affixed to the surface of the earth, measured from mean sea level: Emergency airworthiness directive means an airworthiness directive that is issued by the Director in accordance with section 72I(3C) of the Act: Emergency locator transmitter means an equipment that broadcasts a distinctive signal on a designated radio frequency to facilitate a search and rescue operation: Emergency locator transmitter (automatic fixed) means an emergency locator transmitter that is automatically activated and permanently attached to an aircraft: Emergency locator transmitter (survival) means an emergency locator transmitter that is stowed in an aircraft in a manner which facilitates its ready use in an emergency, is removable from an aircraft, and is manually activated: Emergency parachute means a parachute assembly designed and intended to be used by persons in an emergency: Emergency position indicating radio beacon means an equipment that broadcasts a distinctive signal on a designated radio frequency to facilitate a search and rescue operation, is designed to float upright, and is manually activated: Empty weight means the empty weight of an aircraft, including-
Escorted passenger means any passenger requiring the personal attendance of an appointed escort, during an air transport operation: Extended diversion time operation means a flight by a multi-engine turbine powered aeroplane where the flight time (calculated at a one engine inoperative cruise speed in still air and ISA conditions) from a point on the route to an adequate aerodrome is greater than the threshold time for the aeroplane: Extended over-water operation means any aeroplane operation over a planned route that contains a point in excess of 50 nautical miles from shore: Extended Squitter means the additional data transmitted by an extended squitter transponder, which includes the standard Mode S transmission and the data required for ADS-B OUT: Final reserve fuel means the minimum quantity of fuel required to provide a margin to secure the safe completion of a flight in the event of any unplanned manoeuvring in the vicinity of the destination or alternate or a suitable aerodrome, as the case may be, and in ordinary circumstances remains on board until completion of the landing: Firearm has the same meaning as in section 11(2) of the Aviation Crimes Act 1972: Fit and proper person means a person who satisfies the fit and proper person test specified in the Act: Flight attendant means an appropriately trained person assigned by the operator to be responsible to the pilot-in-command for passenger safety on an aircraft: Flight crew member means an appropriately qualified person assigned by the operator for duty in an aircraft during flight time as a pilot or flight engineer: Flight evaluation means a flight or series of flights to test the airworthiness and controllability of an aircraft throughout its range of speeds and throughout all manoeuvres intended for the normal operation of the aircraft: Flight examiner means a person who holds a flight examiner rating issued in accordance with Part 61 or is approved by the Director to conduct specific flight tests: Flight following service means a service providing a flight watch over an aircraft, which initiates emergency action in the event of a missed report or non-arrival of the aircraft within a specific time-frame: Flight information centre means a unit established to provide an area flight information service and an alerting service: Flight information region means airspace of defined dimensions within which flight information services and alerting services are provided: Flight information service means an air traffic service provided for the purpose of giving advice and information intended for the safe and efficient conduct of flights: Flight instruction means instruction in the control of aircraft in basic and advanced flight manoeuvres; and includes instruction in respect of conversion from fixed-wing to rotary-wing aircraft or from rotary-wing to fixed-wing aircraft: Flight instructor means a person who holds a flight instructor rating issued in accordance with Part 61 or is approved by the Director to provide flight instruction: Flight level means a surface of constant atmospheric pressure expressed in
terms of hundreds of feet that-
Flight manual means a manual, associated with the certificate of airworthiness, containing limitations within which the aircraft may be considered airworthy, and instructions and information necessary to the flight crew members for the safe operation of the aircraft: Flight plan means specified information that is required under the rules to be provided to an ATS unit or to a flight following service regarding an intended flight, or portion of a flight, of an aircraft: Flight time means-
Foreign aircraft means an aircraft that-
Formation flight means more than one aircraft which-
Fully functioning dual controls means pitch, roll, yaw, and engine power controls which can be operated from each pilot station: Glider-
Gliding organisation means the holder of an aviation recreation organisation certificate issued in accordance with Part 149 that authorises specified privileges associated with the operation of gliders: Goods means all kinds of moveable property, including animals and mail: Hang glider means a glider, including a powered glider, that is capable of being launched and landed solely by the use of the pilot's legs, and includes paragliders: Hang gliding organisation means the holder of an aviation recreation organisation certificate issued in accordance with Part 149 that authorises specified privileges associated with the operation of hang gliders: Heavier-than-air aircraft means any aircraft deriving its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic forces: Height means the vertical distance of a level, a point, or an object considered as a point, measured from a specified datum and includes the vertical dimension of an object: Helicopter means a rotorcraft incorporating one or more power driven rotors: Heliport means any defined area of land or water, and any defined area on a structure, intended or designed to be used either wholly or partly for the landing, departure, and surface movement of helicopters: Hover means a helicopter flight at a constant height and position over the surface: ICAO Annex means an Annex to the Convention and unless otherwise specified in a rule, includes the amendments in force under section 36 of the Act, but excludes any differences to an Annex as notified by New Zealand: ICAO Contracting State means a State that is a signatory to the Convention; and includes an organisation established by a group of States that are signatories to the Convention to issue an aviation related document or authorisation on behalf of those States: IFR flight means a flight conducted in accordance with the instrument flight rules: Impaired means affected by fatigue, injury, medical condition, or by the consumption of alcohol or other drugs such that the person may be a risk to the safety of himself or herself or of any other person: Incident means any occurrence, other than an accident, that is associated with the operation of an aircraft and affects or could affect the safety of operation: In-flight shutdown means-
Instructions for continued airworthiness means current airworthiness data provided by the manufacturer of an aeronautical product, a product, or a component, and include any related airworthiness limitations mandated by the airworthiness authority of the State of Design: 2D instrument approach operation means an approach and landing using lateral navigation guidance only: 3D instrument approach operation means an approach and landing using both lateral and vertical navigation guidance: Instrument approach operation type A means an instrument approach procedure with a minimum descent height or decision height at or above 75m (metric) (or 250ft (imperial): Instrument approach operation type B means an instrument approach procedure with a decision height below 75m (metric) (or 250ft (imperial): Instrument approach procedure means a series of predetermined manoeuvres by reference to flight instruments with specified protection from obstacles from the initial approach fix, or where applicable, from the beginning of a defined arrival route, to a point from which a landing can be completed and thereafter, if a landing is not completed, to a position at which holding or en-route obstacle clearance criteria apply: Instrument flight means flight during which an aircraft is piloted solely by reference to instruments and without external reference points: Instrument flight procedure means a visual, or an instrument, flight procedure that comprises, or is associated with, any of the following for the operation of aircraft under IFR:
Instrument flight procedure service means a service that includes the design, validation, certification, or maintenance of an instrument flight procedure: Instrument flight time means time during which an aircraft is piloted solely by reference to instruments and without external reference points: Instrument meteorological conditions means meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling less than the minima specified for visual meteorological conditions: Instrument runway means one of the following types of runways intended for the operation of aircraft using instrument approach procedures:
Instrument time includes instrument flight time and time during which a pilot is practising simulated instrument flight on an approved mechanical device: Integrated Aeronautical Information Package means a package which consists of the following elements-
International aerodrome means an international airport: International airport means any airport designated as an airport of entry and departure for international air traffic where the formalities incident to customs, immigration, public health, animal and plant quarantine, and similar procedures are carried out: International NOTAM office means an office that is designated for the international exchange of NOTAM: International standard atmosphere means the atmospheric standard as described in ICAO Document 7488 - Manual of the ICAO Standard Atmosphere: Justifiable aircraft equipment means any equipment necessary for the operation of the aircraft. It does not include equipment or ballast specifically installed, permanently or otherwise, for the purpose of altering the empty weight of an aircraft to meet the maximum payload capacity: Known customer means a shipper of cargo or mail who has an established association with a regulated air cargo agent or an air operator for the carriage of the shipper's cargo or mail by air and who is registered with the regulated air cargo agent or the air operator: Landing distance available means the length of the runway that is declared by the aerodrome operator as available and suitable for the ground run of an aeroplane: Level is a generic term relating to the vertical position of an aircraft in flight and meaning variously height, altitude, or flight level: Lifed, in relation to an aeronautical product or a product or component, means that the instructions for continued airworthiness for the aeronautical product, product, or component specify-
Light Sport Aircraft means an aircraft, other than a helicopter, having:
Lighter-than-air aircraft means any aircraft supported chiefly by its buoyancy in the air: Mach number means the ratio of true airspeed to the speed of sound: Mail means any letter, package, parcel, postcard, or other article that is to be delivered by courier, a postal operator, or other postal agency, or diplomatic agency: Main parachute means a parachute, other than an emergency parachute, that is designed and intended to be used as a primary parachute: Maintenance, in relation to an aircraft or aircraft component, means all work and inspections performed to ensure the continued airworthiness of the aircraft or aircraft component, and all modifications: Maintenance logbook means-
Maintenance manual means an approved manual containing limitations within which the aircraft may be considered airworthy, and instructions and information necessary to ensure the aircraft is in an airworthy condition: Major modification means a modification that could potentially affect the safety of an aircraft or its occupants where, as a result of its embodiment, one or more of the following incidents may occur:
Major repair means a repair that could potentially affect the safety of an aircraft or its occupants where, as a result of its embodiment, one or more of the following incidents may occur:
Manipulation of controls means manipulate the flight controls to alter the heading, altitude, speed, or other flight parameter of an aircraft, and "manipulate the controls" has the same meaning: Manoeuvring area-
Manufacturer's maintenance programme means a programme that is contained in a maintenance manual or the instructions for continued airworthiness published by the manufacturer as required by the certificating authority for the aircraft, aircraft engines, propellers, rotors, appliances, emergency equipment, and parts: Maximum certificated take-off weight, in relation to an aircraft, means the weight specified as the maximum take-off weight of the aircraft in a flight manual or airworthiness certificate relating to the aircraft: Maximum diversion time means the maximum flight time, calculated at a one-engine inoperative cruise speed in still air and ISA conditions, that a multi-engine turbine powered aeroplane operating on an EDTO may be from an en-route EDTO alternate aerodrome: Maximum zero fuel weight means the maximum permissible weight of an aircraft with no disposable fuel or oil. The zero fuel weight figure may be found in either the aircraft type certificate data sheet, the approved Aircraft Flight Manual, or both: Meteorological information means any meteorological report, analysis, or forecast in support of aviation, and any other statement in support of aviation relating to existing or expected meteorological conditions: Meteorological service means any of the following services that provide meteorological information in support of aviation:
Microlight aircraft means a basic low performance aircraft designed to carry not more than 2 persons which meets low momentum parameters that are acceptable to the Director: Microlight organisation means the holder of an aviation recreation organisation certificate issued in accordance with Part 149 that authorises specified privileges associated with the operation of microlight aircraft: Minimum descent altitude means a specified altitude, referenced to mean sea level, in a non-precision approach or circling approach below which descent may not be made without visual reference: Minimum descent height means a specified height, referenced to the runway threshold, in a non-precision approach or circling approach below which descent may not be made without visual reference: Minister means the Minister of Transport: Modification means a design change that generally results in a change to the configuration of a product, component, or appliance: Movement area means that part of an aerodrome intended to be used for the take-off and landing of aircraft and for the surface movement of aircraft, and includes the manoeuvring area, maintenance areas, and aprons: Multi-pilot aircraft means an aircraft other than a single-pilot aircraft: Multiple identical system means the same element of an identical but separate EDTO significant system: Multiple identical system maintenance means for an aeroplane with 2 turbine powered engines, a maintenance action performed on multiple identical systems during the same period of scheduled or non-scheduled maintenance: Newly overhauled means a product that has not been operated or placed in service, except for functional testing, since having been overhauled: New Zealand Air Navigation Register means the New Zealand Air Navigation Register established under Part 71: New Zealand AOC with ANZA privileges has the meaning set out in section 11G of the Act: New Zealand Flight Information Region means-
(1) all that airspace bounded by the arc of a circle of 200 nm radius centred on S 37 00 16.7, E 174 48 49.1, (Auckland VOR/DME) from S 39 07 38.1, E 171 33 21.7, clockwise to S 37 32 29.5, E 178 56 08.9, a line joining S 37 32 29.5, E 178 56 08.9, S 38 27 00.0, W 179 44 00.0, S 42 51 30.0, E 175 03 00.0, S 48 09 00.0, E 168 16 00.0, S 45 55 00.0, E 165 18 00.0, S 41 25 27.0, E 170 23 24.0, the arc of a circle of 200 nm radius centred on S 41 20 14.0, E 174 49 01.1, (Wellington VOR/DME) from S 41 25 27.0, E 170 23 24.0, clockwise to S 39 07 38.1, E 171 33 21.7; with (2) an upper limit of flight level 999; and (3) the surface of the earth as the lower limit.
New Zealand registered aircraft means any aircraft that is for the time being registered by the Director under Part 47: New Zealand Register of Aircraft means the register established under section 73 of the Act: New Zealand certificate of registration means an aircraft certificate of registration issued by the Director: Night means the hours between-
Non-precision approach procedure means an instrument approach procedure designed for 2D instrument approach operations type A:
[Note - Non-precision approach procedures may be flown using a continuous descent final approach (CDF A) technique. CDF As with advisory VNAV guidance calculated by on-board equipment are considered 3D instrument approach operations. CDFAs with manual calculation of the
required rate of descent are considered 2D instrument approach
operations.] NOTAM means a notice distributed by means of telecommunication containing information concerning the establishment, condition or change in any aeronautical facility, service, procedure or hazard, the timely knowledge of which is essential to personnel concerned with flight operations: NOTAM service means a service for the issue and distribution of NOTAM relevant to air navigation in the New Zealand FIR and in the areas of the Auckland Oceanic FIR in which New Zealand is responsible for air traffic services: One engine inoperative cruise speed means a speed within the certified limits of the aeroplane, selected by the certificate holder and approved by the Director, that is used for calculating fuel reserve requirements and the still air distance associated with a one engine inoperative maximum diversion time for the flight: Operable, in relation to equipment and instruments, means fully functional, calibrated, and meeting the applicable airworthiness requirements: Operate, in relation to an aircraft, means to fly or use the aircraft, or to cause or permit the aircraft to fly, be used, or be in any place, whether or not the person is present with the aircraft; and "operator" has a corresponding meaning: Operating cycle means a complete flight segment consisting of a takeoff, climb, en-route portion, descent, and landing: Operational flight plan means the certificate holders plan for the safe conduct of the flight based on considerations of aeroplane performance, other operating limitations, and relevant expected conditions, on the route to be followed and at the aerodromes concerned: Operations specifications means the conditions imposed by the Director on the air operator certificate and includes any authorisations, limitations, and procedures that form part of the certificate: Originating aircraft means any aircraft about to be used on a regular air transport passenger service from any New Zealand aerodrome, that has been emptied of passengers and goods at the conclusion of a previous flight or flights, but does not include any aircraft transiting New Zealand or any New Zealand airport, in circumstances where passengers and goods are added to an existing load: Overhaul, in relation to an aircraft or aircraft component, means to perform a major work operation which involves dismantling and complete testing to specification and renewal of operational life: Owner, in relation to any aircraft, includes any person lawfully entitled to the possession of the aircraft for 28 days or longer: Parachute means any device, without a motor in operation, comprising a flexible drag, or lift/drag, surface from which a load is suspended by shroud lines capable of controlled deployment from a packed condition: Parachute assembly means any parachute and its associated harness and container system and other component parts for use by persons: Parachute landing area means an area onto which parachute landings are intended to be made: Parachute organisation means the holder of an aviation recreation organisation certificate issued in accordance with Part 149 that authorises specified privileges associated with parachute operations: Paraglider means a hang glider with no rigid primary structure: Passenger in relation to an aircraft, means any person carried by the aircraft, other than a crew member:
Payload capacity means-
Performance-class 1 helicopter means a helicopter with performance characteristics such that, in case of critical power-unit failure, it is able to land on the rejected take-off area or safely continue the flight to an appropriate landing area: Performance deterioration allowance means the difference between the aeroplane manufacturer's published fuel consumption figures and the actual fuel consumption applicable to a specific aeroplane: Personal locator beacon means an equipment that broadcasts a distinctive signal on a designated radio frequency to facilitate a search and rescue operation, is designed to be carried on a person, and is manually activated: Pilot-in-command, in relation to any aircraft, means the pilot responsible for the operation and safety of the aircraft: Point of no return means the last possible geographic point at which an aeroplane can proceed to the destination aerodrome as well as to an available en-route alternate aerodrome for a given flight: Polar area means an area north of 78 degrees north latitude or an area south of 60 degrees south latitude: Powered glider means an aircraft equipped with one or more engines which has, with the engine or engines not operating, the performance characteristics of a glider: Precision approach procedure means an instrument approach procedure utilising azimuth and glide path information: Pre-flight information bulletin means a presentation of current NOTAM information of operational significance, prepared prior to flight: Pre-flight information service means a service for the provision of aeronautical information to a third party for pre-flight planning purposes: Pressure altitude means an atmospheric pressure, expressed in terms of altitude, which corresponds to that pressure in the standard atmosphere: Priority part means a part or assembly in a type certificated product, the failure of which is likely to cause an unsafe condition in an aircraft, aircraft engine or propeller: Product means an aircraft, aircraft engine, or propeller: Progressive inspection means an inspection of a complete aircraft that is
split into a number of smaller inspections: Propeller means a device, for propelling an aircraft, that has blades on an engine-driven shaft and that when rotated produces by its action on the air, a thrust approximately perpendicular to its plane of rotation. It includes control components normally supplied by its manufacturer, but does not include main and auxiliary rotors or rotating airfoils of engines: Propulsion system means an engine and includes any associated item of equipment utilised for sustaining, monitoring and controlling the power or thrust output of an engine installed on the airframe: Rating means an authorisation entered on, or associated with, a licence, certificate, or logbook, and forming part of it, stating special conditions, privileges, or limitations relating to the licence or certificate: Regular air transport passenger service means a service offered by an operator consisting of four or more air transport operations for the carriage of passengers between two or more aerodromes within any consecutive 28 day period: Regular air transport service means a service offered by an operator consisting of four or more air transport operations between two or more aerodromes in any consecutive 28 day period: Regulated air cargo agent means the holder of a regulated air cargo agent certificate granted under section 9 of the Act and in accordance with Part 109: Remote aerodrome means any structure or any area of land or water used for take-off or landing-
Repair means a design change that is intended to return the product, component, or appliance to its original, or properly modified configuration: Reporting point means a specified (named) geographical location in relation to which the position of an aircraft can be reported: Required inspection means any inspection required by the CAR, an airworthiness directive, or by an approved maintenance manual, programme or schedule: Required navigation performance means a statement of the navigation performance accuracy necessary for operation within a defined area of airspace: Reserve parachute means a parachute assembly designed and intended to be used as a secondary parachute in the event of the failure of the main parachute:
Rotorcraft means any heavier-than-air aircraft which derives its lift in flight from the reaction of the air on one or more rotors on substantially vertical axes: Routine inspection in relation to a progressive inspection, means a visual inspection of an aircraft and its components, systems and equipment as far as practicable without disassembly: RNP performance means a containment value, expressed as a distance in nautical miles from the intended position, within which flights would be for at least 95% of the total flying time: Runway means a defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome prepared for the landing and take-off of aircraft: Runway end safety area means an area symmetrical about the extended centre line of the runway and adjacent to the end of the runway strip primarily intended to reduce the risk of damage to an aeroplane undershooting or over-running the runway: Runway strip means a defined area including the runway, and stopway (if a stopway is provided), that is intended-
Runway visual range means the range over which the pilot of an aircraft on the centre line of a runway can see the runway surface markings or the lights delineating the runway or identifying its centreline: SARTIME means the time nominated by a pilot for the initiation of alerting action: Screening means the application of technical or any other means to detect a weapon, explosive, or other dangerous device, article or substance, that may be used to commit an act of unlawful interference: Security means a combination of measures and human and material resources intended to safeguard civil aviation against acts of unlawful interference: Security area means an area that the Director has declared to be a security area under section 84 of the Act: Security control means a method used to prevent the introduction on board an aircraft or at an aerodrome of a weapon, explosive or other dangerous device, article or substance that may be used to commit an act of unlawful interference: Security designated aerodrome means an aerodrome for the time being designated as a security aerodrome under section 82 of the Act: Security enhanced area means an area that the Director has declared to be a security enhanced area under section 84 of the Act: SEIFR passenger operation means an air transport operation carrying passengers in a single-engine aeroplane under IFR: Serious incident means an incident involving circumstances indicating that an accident nearly occurred: Shore means that area of the land adjacent to the water that is above the high-water mark and excludes land areas that are intermittently under water: SIGMET information means information issued by a meteorological office concerning the occurrence or expected occurrence of specified enroute weather phenomena that may affect the safety of aircraft operations: Single-pilot aircraft means an aircraft that is authorised in its flight manual to be operated with a minimum flight crew of 1 pilot for the type of flight: Special VFR flight means a VFR flight cleared by an ATC unit to operate within a control zone in meteorological conditions below visual meteorological conditions: Specification is the minimum performance standard specific to an article used on an aircraft: Standard part means an aeronautical product that conforms to an aeronautical specification that is published in one of the following series and includes design, material, manufacture, and identification requirements:
Statement of content means an accurate description of the items that are contained within a consignment of cargo or mail for carriage by air: State of Design means the State, or an organisation established by a group of States, having jurisdiction over the organisation responsible for the type design: State of registry means the state on whose register the aircraft is entered: Stopway means a defined rectangular area on the ground at the end of the take-off run available prepared as a suitable area on which an aircraft can be stopped in the case of an abandoned take-off: Student pilot means a person who acts as a pilot of an aircraft (other than a microlight aircraft, hang glider, glider, powered glider or balloon) while undertaking training for a pilot licence under Part 61 but who does not hold a current pilot licence under that part: Synthetic flight trainer means equipment in which flight conditions are simulated on the ground; and includes-
(1) a flight simulator, being an apparatus which provides an accurate representation of the flight deck of a particular aircraft type to the extent that the normal environment of flight crew members, the systems, and the performance and flight characteristics of that type are realistically simulated: (2) a flight procedure trainer, being an apparatus that provides a representation of aircraft to the extent that realistic flight deck environment, instrument responses, simple systems, and the performance and flight characteristics of aircraft of a particular class or type are simulated: (3) a basic instrument flight trainer, being an apparatus equipped with appropriate instruments, simulating the flight deck environment of an aircraft in flight in instrument flight conditions, in which a pilot may be instructed or tested in basic instrument flight manoeuvres and procedures:
Take-off distance available means the length of the take-off run available plus the length of any clearway: Take-off run available means the length of the runway declared by the aerodrome operator as available and suitable for the ground run of an aeroplane taking-off: Take-off weight means the weight of the aeroplane at the commencement of the take-off run and includes everything and everyone carried in or on the aeroplane at the commencement of the take-off run: TALPA procedures-
Tandem master means the person responsible for the direct control of a tandem parachute descent: Tandem pair means a tandem master and tandem rider: Tandem parachute descent means a parachute descent of a tandem pair in
a common tandem parachute assembly: Tandem rider means a person participating in a tandem parachute descent using the secondary harness of a tandem harness system: Taxi means movement of an aircraft on the surface of an aerodrome or on water, excluding take-off and landing, but including, in the case of helicopters, operation over the surface of an aerodrome within a height band associated with ground effect and at speeds associated with air taxiing: Taxi fuel means the fuel required for the operation of an aircraft between the engine start to commencement of the take off run and between the runway turnoff following completion of landing run to engine shut down: Technical arrangement means an arrangement between New Zealand and another State to mutually recognise each State's aircraft maintenance organisation certification, maintenance standards and documentation, and personnel licences and certificates to allow maintenance performed on aircraft and components in one State to be recognised by the other State in accordance with the terms of the arrangement: Technical data are drawings, instructions or other data required to be used for product certification, approvals, and authorisations under Part 21 or for the maintenance, modification, and repair of products, their components, and appliances under Part 43: Technical Instructions means ICAO Document 9284 Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air approved and published by decision of the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organisation under Annex 18 of the Convention: Technical log means the technical log that is required for every applicable aircraft under rule 91.619: TEMPO,-
Three-view means, the accurate depiction of an aircraft from a collection of views that includes a plan, a front elevation, and a side elevation: Threshold time means-
Time in service means, for maintenance time records, aircraft log records, and similar purposes, the elapsed time from the aircraft leaving the surface until touching it again on landing: Time limited system means any system on an aeroplane that has a defined time limited capability and on which the duration of the available flight time of the aeroplane is dependent on: Traffic information means information issued by an ATS unit, to alert a pilot to other known or observed air traffic which may be in proximity to the position, or intended route of flight, and to help the pilot avoid a collision: Traffic load means the total weight of passengers, baggage, and cargo:
Transfer baggage means baggage that is transferred directly from one
aircraft to another aircraft: Transit baggage means baggage that-
Translation circuit means a circuit in a helicopter that includes translation to forward flight: Trip fuel means the fuel required for the planned flight from the commencement of the take off run to the completion of landing run prior to runway turnoff: Turbine powered means powered by turbojet, or turbofan, or turboprop, or turboshaft: Turbofan means a turbojet core engine that uses a proportion of the residual gas flow energy to drive a compressor ducting gas flow around the core engine as additional propulsion: Turbojet means a gas turbine engine that uses the residual gas flow energy directly as propulsion: Turboprop means a gas turbine engine that uses the residual gas flow
energy to drive a propeller: Turboshaft means a gas turbine engine that uses the residual gas flow energy to drive a shaft: Type-
UNICOM Service means a ground radio communications service in the aeronautical mobile service providing local aerodrome information for the facilitation of aviation, and, for the avoidance of doubt, a UNICOM service is not an air traffic service: Unlawful interference means an act or attempted act endangering a passenger, crew member, ground personnel, aircraft, or facility: Unmanned aircraft means an aircraft designed to operate with no pilot on board and includes unmanned balloons, control line model aircraft, free flight model aircraft and remotely piloted aircraft: Unmanned aircraft system means an aircraft and its associated elements which are operated with no pilot on board: Valid means -
Validation permit means a permit issued under rules 61.7 and 61.9 and section 9 of the Act to a foreign pilot permitting the holder to exercise privileges under that licence: Variant means an aeroplane which is a derivative of a base aeroplane type or master series, but has differences in equipment or procedures which require additional flight crew knowledge, skills, or abilities for safe operation: VFR flight means a flight conducted in accordance with the visual flight rules: Visibility means the ability, as determined by atmospheric conditions and expressed in units of measurement, to see and identify prominent unlighted objects by day and prominent lighted objects by night: Visual meteorological conditions means meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling equal to or better than specified minima: Wet, in relation to a runway, means a runway with sufficient moisture on its surface to cause it to appear reflective but without significant areas of standing water: ZFT simulator means a synthetic flight trainer which-